Author(s):
Satbir Singh, Harsh Mittal, Kehar Singh, Hemant Rana
Email(s):
satbirpharma89@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5659.2025.00021 
Address:
Satbir Singh1*, Harsh Mittal2, Kehar Singh3, Hemant Rana4
1,3Associate Professor, Pt. LR College of Pharmacy, Faridabad.
2Undergraduate, Pt. LR College of Pharmacy, Faridabad.
4Assistant Professor, Pt. LR College of Pharmacy, Faridabad.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 15,
Issue - 2,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
During ancient times, Curcuma longa, a perennial herb belonging to the turmeric family, was utilized in the culinary industry as a natural pigment. Decades of research have been devoted to determining the medicinal properties and function of curcumin in the prevention and treatment of cancer. This has led to the development of novel techniques for the extraction, purification, synthesis, and optimization of curcumin production and applications. The remarkable studies that investigated the extraction and purification of curcumin are available, but most of the techniques are still at the lab level. In this review, comprehensively, we have discussed the currently developed curcumin extraction, synthesis, nano formulations and therapeutic uses.
Cite this article:
Satbir Singh, Harsh Mittal, Kehar Singh, Hemant Rana. A Review on Chemistry, Synthesis, Extraction, Nano-formulation and Therapeutic use of Curcumin. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2025; 15(2):135-0. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2025.00021
Cite(Electronic):
Satbir Singh, Harsh Mittal, Kehar Singh, Hemant Rana. A Review on Chemistry, Synthesis, Extraction, Nano-formulation and Therapeutic use of Curcumin. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2025; 15(2):135-0. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2025.00021 Available on: https://ajpsonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-15-2-6
REFERENCES:
1. Ganesh Bharskar, Someshwar Mankar, Suhas Siddheshwar. Analytical Methods for Estimation of Curcumin in Bulk, Pharmaceutical Formulation and in Biological Samples. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2022; 12(2): 142-8.
2. Rutuja Saurabh Shah. Formulation and Evaluation of Turmeric Emulgel. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 11(3): 213-9.
3. Turmeric". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health. May 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
4. Sweetha G., Sangeetha B., Prabhu S.. A Review on Curcumin Nanoparticles and Its Controlled Delivery to Treat Degenerative Diseases. Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2013; Vol. 3: Issue 4, Pg 218-222.
5. Majeed S (28 December 2015). "The State of the Curcumin Market". Natural Products Insider. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
6. Gupta S.C., Patchva S., Aggarwal B.B. Therapeutic Roles of Curcumin: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials. AAPS J. 2013; 15: 195–218. doi: 10.1208/s12248-012-9432-8. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
7. Farooqui, Tahira; Farooqui, Akhlaq A. (2019). "Curcumin: Historical Background, Chemistry, Pharmacological Action, and Potential Therapeutic Value". Curcumin for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. pp. 23–44. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-815461-8.00002-5.
8. National Exposure Research Laboratory (EPA-NERL) (1974). "EPA-NERL: 212.3: Boron by Colorimetry – Boron (Colorimetric, Curcumin)". National Environmental Methods Index. Archived from the original on 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
9. Manolova Y, Deneva V, Antonov L, Drakalska E, Momekova D, Lambov N (November 2014). "The effect of the water on the curcumin tautomerism: a quantitative approach" (PDF). Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 132: 815–820. Bibcode: 2014AcSpA.132. 815M. doi:10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.096. PMID 24973669.
10. Handler, N., et al. 2007. Synthesis of novel curcumin analogues and their evaluation as selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitors. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55, (1): 64-71.
11. Jovanovic, S. V., et al. 1999. H-atom transfer is a preferred antioxidant mechanism of curcumin. Journal of the American Chemical Society 121, (41): 9677-81.
12. Nichols, C. E., et al. 2006. Microwave-assisted synthesis of curcumin analogs. Arkivoc2006, (13):64-72.
13. Surati, A. Madhavi, S. Jauhari, and K. R. Desai. 2012. A brief review: Microwaveassisted organic reaction. Archives of Applied Science Research 4, (1): 645
14. Popuri, A. K.; Pagala, B. Extraction of curcumin from turmeric roots. Int. J. Innovative Res. Stud. 2013, 2 (5), 289– 299.
15. Kotha R.R., Luthria D.L. Curcumin: Biological, Pharmaceutical, Nutraceutical, and Analytical Aspects. Molecules. 2019; 24: 2930. doi: 10.3390/molecules24162930.
16. Nebrisi E.E. Neuroprotective Activities of Curcumin in Parkinson’s Disease: A Review of the Literature. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021; 22: 1248. doi: 10.3390/ijms222011248.
17. Jiang T., Ghosh R., Charcosset C. Extraction, purification and applications of curcumin from plant materials-A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2021; 112: 419–430. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.015.
18. Espada-Bellido E., Ferreiro-González M., Barbero G.F., Carrera C., Palma M., Barroso C.G. Alternative Extraction Method of Bioactive Compounds from Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) Pulp Using Pressurized-Liquid Extraction. Food Anal. Methods. 2018; 11: 2384–2395. doi: 10.1007/s12161-018-1218-x.
19. Piasecka I., Wiktor A., Górska A. Alternative Methods of Bioactive Compounds and Oils Extraction from Berry Fruit By-Products—A Review. Appl. Sci. 2022; 12: 1734. doi: 10.3390/app12031734.
20. Egues I., Hernandez-Ramos F., Rivilla I., Labidi J. Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Apple Pomace. Molecules. 2021; 26: 3783. doi: 10.3390/molecules26133783.
21. Pramod K., Amar Deep A., Pooja K., Mahendra Singh A. An Overview: LC-MS as Tool of sample Extraction and Quantification in Bioanalytical Laboratories. Asian J. Pharm. Ana. 2020; 10(3):165-172.
22. Bhatti S.A., Hussain M.H., Mohsin M.Z., Mohsin A., Zaman W.Q., Guo M., Iqbal M.W., Siddiqui S.A., Ibrahim S.A., Ur-Rehman S., et al. Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of Capsicum, Nigella sativa, Musa paradisiaca L., and Citrus limetta: A review. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 2022; 6: 1043823. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1043823.
23. Ali A., Riaz S., Sameen A., Naumovski N., Iqbal M.W., Rehman A., Mehany T., Zeng X.-A., Manzoor M.F. The Disposition of Bioactive Compounds from Fruit Waste, Their Extraction, and Analysis Using Novel Technologies: A Review. Processes. 2022; 10: 2014. doi: 10.3390/pr10102014.
24. Shirsath S.R., Sable S.S., Gaikwad S.G., Gogate P.R. Ultrasound assisted curcumin recovery from Curcuma aromatica: Understanding the effect of different operating parameters. Chem. Eng. Process.-Process Intensif. 2021; 169: 108604. doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2021.108604.
25. Zhang, R.; Li, S.; Zhu, Z.; He, J. Recent advances in valorization of chaenomeles fruit: A review of botanical profile, phytochemistry, advanced extraction technologies and bioactivities. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2019, 91, 467– 482. DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.012.
26. Reshma Omanakuttan, Indira G, Soorya L S. Comparative Analysis of Maceration and Soxhlation for the Extraction and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of the Roots of Cassia fistula L. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023; 13(3):206-0.
27. Siddhi Prakash Fogueri, Sanyuja Satish Nikam, Mukund Vivek Gawade, Harshada Suresh Shetye, Akshata Anil Thakur, Tanvi Ganesh Valanju, Vijay Arjun Jagtap. Comparative Study on Conventional and Novel Methods for the Extraction of Curcuma longa. Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2020; 10(4): 223-227.
28. Archana R. Pawar, Dattaprasad N. Vikhe, R. S. Jadhav. Recent Advances in Extraction Techniques of Herbals – A Review. Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci. 2020; 10(4): 287-292.
29. M. M. Yallapu, P. K. Nagesh, M. Jaggi, and S. C. Chauhan, “Therapeutic applications of curcumin nanoformulations,” The AAPS Journal. 2015; 17(6) 1341–1356.
30. Akshay R. Yadav, Shrinivas K. Mohite, Chandrakant S. Magdum. Comparative Study of Conventional and Microwave Assisted Synthesis of some Organic Reactions. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2020; 10(3): 217-220.
31. R. K. Tekade, R. Maheshwari, N. Soni, M. Tekade, and M. B. Chougule, “Nanotechnology for the development of nanomedicine,” in Nanotechnology-Based Approaches for Targeting and Delivery of Drugs and Genes, Elsevier, 2017.
32. L. Sercombe, T. Veerati, F. Moheimani, S. Y. Wu, A. K. Sood, and S. Hua, “Advances and challenges of liposome assisted drug delivery,” Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 6, 2015.
33. E. Ikiki. Novel drug delivery systems to improve bioavailability of curcumin. Journal of Bioequivalence & Bioavailability. 2014; 6(1): 1–9.
34. Sonali P. Mahaparale, Reshma S. Kore. Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Application, Future Outlook. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2019; 9(3): 181-189.
35. Pragati A. Bachhav, Rajavi M. Shroff, Atul A. Shirkhedkar. Silver Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review on Mechanism, Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2020; 10(3): 202-212.
36. Y. Wang, Y. Zheng, L. Zhang, Q. Wang, and D. Zhang, “Stability of nanosuspensions in drug delivery,” Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 172, no. 3, pp. 1126–1141, 2013.
37. A. D. Abdel-Mageid, M. E. S. Abou-Salem, N. Salaam, and H. A. S. el-Garhy, “The potential effect of garlic extract and curcumin nanoparticles against complication accompanied with experimentally induced diabetes in rats,” Phytomedicine, vol. 43, pp. 126–134, 2018.
38. Ammon HP, Wahl MA. Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Med. 1991; 57(1): 1–7. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-960004.
39. Vaughn AR, Branum A, Sivamani RK. Effects of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) on Skin Health: a Systematic Review of the Clinical Evidence. Phytother Res. 2016; 30(8): 1243–1264. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5640.
40. Limketkai BN, Wolf A, Parian AM. Nutritional interventions in the patient with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2018; 47(1): 155–177. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2017.09.007.
41. Tabrizi R, Vakili S, Akbari M, et al. The effects of curcumin-containing supplements on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res. 2019; 33(2): 253–262. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6226.
42. Baum L, Ng A. Curcumin interaction with copper and iron suggests one possible mechanism of action in alzheimer’s disease animal models. J Alzheimers Dis. 2004; 6(4): 367–77.
43. LoTempio MM, Veena MS, Steele HL, Ramamurthy B, Ramalingam TS, Cohen AN, et al. Curcumin suppresses growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11(19 pt 1):6994–7002.
44. LaColla P, Tramontano E, Musiu C, Marongiu ME, Novellino E, Greco G. Curcumin-like derivatives with potent activity against HIV-1 integrase: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling. Antiviral Research. 1998; 37(3): 57–57.
45. Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Newman RA, Aggarwal BB. Bioavailability of curcumin: problems and promises. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2007;4(6):807–818.
46. Ammayappan L, Jeyakodi Moses J. Study of antimicrobial activity of aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin on cotton, wool, and rabbit hair. Fibers and Polymers. 2009; 10(2): 161–166.
47. Sonali Vijaykumar Magdum, Sachinkumar V. Patil, Shitalkumar S. Patil. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Asian J. Pharm. Tech. 2017; 7 (4): 251-260.
48. Perez-Torres I, Ruiz-Ramirez A, Banos G, El-Hafidi M. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus (Malvaceae), curcumin and resveratrol as alternative medicinal agents against metabolic syndrome. Cardiovascular and Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 2013;11(1): 25–37.
49. Sahebkar A. Why it is necessary to translate curcumin into clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome? Bio Factors. 2013; 39(2): 197–208.