Author(s):
Nishant Sharma, Nikita Bhardwaj, Inder Kumar
Email(s):
nishants539@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5659.2025.00031
Address:
Nishant Sharma1*, Nikita Bhardwaj2, Inder Kumar3
1,2Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Abhilashi University, Chailchowk, Mandi, H.P.
Department of Pharmaceutics, Minerva College of Pharmacy, Indora, Kangra, H.P.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 15,
Issue - 2,
Year - 2025
ABSTRACT:
Nanoemulsions, which are submicron-sized emulsions with droplet sizes between 20 and 200 nm, have attracted a lot of interest in a lot of different disciplines because of their special qualities, which include increased bioavailability, stability, and large surface area. This article offers a thorough analysis of the creation, properties, and range of uses for nanoemulsions. The formulation section explores the different ways to prepare nanoemulsions, emphasizing both high-energy and low-energy methods. It also covers important aspects that affect the stability and performance of these techniques, like the composition of the oil phase, the choice of surfactant, and process parameters. The roles of several characterization techniques in determining droplet size, distribution, zeta potential, and other physicochemical parameters are addressed, including dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron microscopy, and rheology. The range of applications for nanoemulsions being investigated, including medicine, where they provide drug solubility and targeting, the food industry for better nutritional absorption and stability, the cosmetics business for improved active ingredient delivery, and the environmental sectors for their roles in pollutant clean up. The paper also discusses the field's obstacles and opportunities going forward, highlighting the necessity of established procedures and a greater comprehension of nanoemulsion behavior in intricate biological and environmental systems. By means of this thorough investigation, the review hopes to offer a fundamental resource for practitioners and researchers that deal with nanoemulsions, encouraging creativity and useful breakthroughs in their respective domains.
Cite this article:
Nishant Sharma, Nikita Bhardwaj, Inder Kumar. Navigating Nanoemulsions: A Comprehensive Review of Formulation, Characterization and Applications. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2025; 15(2):199-6. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2025.00031
Cite(Electronic):
Nishant Sharma, Nikita Bhardwaj, Inder Kumar. Navigating Nanoemulsions: A Comprehensive Review of Formulation, Characterization and Applications. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2025; 15(2):199-6. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2025.00031 Available on: https://ajpsonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2025-15-2-16
REFERENCES:
1. K. Gurpret, S. K. Singh. Review of Nanoemulsion Formulation and Characterization Techniques. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2018; 80(5):781–9.
2. Pagar KR, Darekar AB. Nanoemulsion: A new concept of Delivery System. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2019; 9(1):39.
3. B AKR, Debnath S, Babu MN. Nanoemulsion a novel approach for lipophilic drugs- a Review. 2013; 3(2):84–92.
4. Savardekar P, Bajaj A. Nanoemulsions-a Review. IJRPC. 2016; 6(2):312–22.
5. Kruti S, Saiyed M. A Systemic Review on Nanoemulsion based Transdermal Drug Delivery System: A Novel Drug Delivery System. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2023; 13(4):303–8.
6. Bhatt P, Madhav S. A detailed review on nanoemulsion drug delivery system. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011; 2(10):2482
7. Mahajan Hitendra SS. Nanoemulsions: A Versatile Mode of Drug Delivery System. IJNDD. 2018; 19(October):123–32.
8. Chauhan R, Patel C, Panigrahi J. Greener approach for copper nanoparticles synthesis from Catharanthus roseus and Azadirachta indica leaf extract and their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2018; 8(2):81.
9. Shah P, Bhalodia D, Shelat P. Nanoemulsion: A pharmaceutical review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2010;1: 24–32.
10. Mushtaq A, Mohd S, Malik AR, Gull A, Ramniwas S, Ahmad G, et al. Food Chemistry : Recent insights into Nanoemulsions : Their preparation , properties and applications. Food Chem X [Internet]. 2023; 18(March):100684. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100684
11. Mikušov V, Mikuš P. Advances in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery. IJMS. 2021; 22(9652):1–93.
12. Krishnamoorthy R, Yehia HM, Moydeen M, Hameed A, Periyasamy VS, Alshuniaber MA, et al. Ultrasonic - assisted food grade nanoemulsion preparation from clove bud essential oil and evaluation of its antioxidant and antibacterial activity. 2022; 11: 974–86.
13. Sanchez A, García MC, Martín-piñero MJ, Muñoz J. Elaboration and characterization of nanoemulsion with orange essential oil and pectin. 2021; 102(November).
14. Vakhariya RR, Talokar SS, Salunkhe VR, Magdum CS. Formulation Development and Optimization of Simvastatin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2017; 7(1): 49.
15. Çinar K. A Review on nanoemulsions: Preparation methods and stability. 2017; 18(1):73–83.
16. Wake PS, Kshirsagar MD. Design and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Based Transdermal Drug Delivery System. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2017; 7(2):87.
17. Jaiswal M, Dudhe R. Nanoemulsion : an advanced mode of drug delivery system. 2015; 5:123–7.
18. Malik MR, Al-harbi FF, Nawaz A, Amin A, Farid A, Mohaini M Al, et al. Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated and Ex Vivo. molecules. Molecules. 2022; 27(3183): 1–14.
19. Wake PS, Kshirsagar MD. Compatibility study In-vitro drug release Study of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Based Transdermal Drug Delivery System for Rasagiline Mesylate. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2017; 7(2):92.
20. Jyotsana Suyal, Ganesh Bhatt, Nardev Singh. Formulation and evaluation of nanoemulsion for enhanced bioavailability of itraconazole. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2018; 9(7):2927–31.
21. Salve PM, Sonawane S V., Patil MB, Surawase RK. Dissolution and Dissolution Test Apparatus: A Review. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2021; 11(3): 229–36.
22. Shaikh NM, Vijayendra Swamy SM, Narsing NS, Kulkarni KB. Formulation and evaluation of nanoemulsion for topical application. J Drug Deliv Ther. 2019; 9(4-s): 370–5.
23. Jusril NA, Abu Bakar SI, Khalil KA, Md Saad WM, Wen NK, Adenan MI. Development and Optimization of Nanoemulsion from Ethanolic Extract of Centella asiatica (NanoSECA) Using D-Optimal Mixture Design to Improve Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2022; 2022.
24. Nirmala MJ, Durai L, Gopakumar V, Nagarajan R. Preparation of celery essential oil-based nanoemulsion by ultrasonication and evaluation of its potential anticancer and antibacterial activity. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020; 15:7651–66.
25. Soliman WE, Shehata TM, Mohamed ME, Younis NS, Elsewedy HS. Enhancement of curcumin anti-inflammatory effect via formulation into myrrh oil-based nanoemulgel. Polymers (Basel). 2021; 13(4):1–16.
26. Saba M, Mirzaeei S. Design of Novel Nanoemulsion Formulations for Topical Ocular Delivery of Itraconazole: Development, Characterization and In VitroBioassay. Adv Pharm Bull. 2022; 12(1): 93–101.
27. Karthick K, Kumaravel P, Hemalatha P, Thamaraiselvi L. Mechanistic aspects: Biosynthesis of Silver nanoparticles from Proteus mirabilis and its antimicrobial study. Res J Sci Technol. 2013; 5(2): 235–8.
28. Gupta A, Eral HB, Hatton TA, Doyle PS. Nanoemulsions: Formation, properties and applications. Soft Matter. 2016; 12(11): 2826–41.
29. Sirisha, Praveena R. A complete review - nanoparticles targeting to brain. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2020; 10(3):199.
30. Prasad D, Mohanta GP, Sudhakar M. A Review on Preparation and Evaluation of Nanoemulsions. Int J Pharma Res Heal Sci. 2019; 7(1): 2915–22.
31. Zhang C, Ma Y, Zhang J, Kuo JCT, Zhang Z, Xie H, et al. Modification of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles: An Efficient Delivery System for Nucleic Acid-Based Immunotherapy. Molecules. 2022; 27: 1–29.
32. Omkar S. S, Aishwarya C. P, Santosh A. P. Nanoparticles: As a Nano based Drug Delivery System. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2022; 12(1): 11–6.
33. Jawaid T, Alaseem AM, Khan MM, Mukhtar B, Kamal M, Anwer R, et al. Preparation and Evaluation of Nanoemulsion of Citronella Essential Oil with Improved Antimicrobial and Anti-Cancer Properties. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(3).
34. Ashaolu TJ. Nanoemulsions for health, food, and cosmetics: a review. Environ Chem Lett [Internet]. 2021; 19(4): 3381–95. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01216-9
35. Arianto A, Cindy C. Preparation and evaluation of sunflower oil nanoemulsion as a sunscreen. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019; 7(22): 3757–61.
36. Deshmukh S, Chaudhari B, Velhal A, Redasani V. A Review on Diverging approaches to Fabricate Polymeric Nanoparticles. Asian J Res Pharm Sci. 2022; 12(4):341–4.
37. Ahmad J, Nollet LML. Nanoemulsions in Food Technology. Nanoemulsions in Food Technology. 2021.