Author(s):
Manvini. S, Pinki Verma
Email(s):
vermapinki05@gmail.com
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5659.2026.00052 
Address:
Manvini. S1, Pinki Verma2*
1Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, Aditya Bangalore Institute of Pharmacy Education and Research, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064 Karnataka, India.
2Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Aditya Bangalore Institute of Pharmacy Education and Research, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064 Karnataka, India.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 16,
Issue - 4,
Year - 2026
ABSTRACT:
Background: Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with complex pathophysiology involving genetic, environmental, and biochemical factors. Emerging research highlights the critical role of oxidative stress and glutamate excitotoxicity in disease progression. The brain’s high metabolic activity and abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids make it particularly susceptible to oxidative damage, which disrupts neuronal integrity and synaptic function. Concurrently, dysregulated glutamatergic signalling, particularly N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction, contributes to cognitive deficits and psychotic symptoms.
Main body: The oxidative stress–glutamate excitotoxicity pathway forms a destructive feedback loop, where oxidative damage heightens glutamate-driven neuronal toxicity, and NMDAR dysfunction accelerates ROS generation, together spiraling into progressive neurodegeneration. Key biomarkers of oxidative stress in schizophrenia include reduced glutathione (GSH), elevated lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA), and increased nitric oxide (NO). Glutamate imbalance, driven by impaired NMDAR activity and astrocytic glutamate uptake, leads to synaptic pruning and dopaminergic dysregulation. Antioxidant therapies, such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin E, have shown promise in mitigating these effects. NAC, a GSH precursor, not only scavenges ROS but also restores glutamate homeostasis via the cystine-glutamate antiporter. Conclusion: The intricate relationship between oxidative stress and glutamate dysregulation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Antioxidant therapies that restore redox balance and modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission offer a promising avenue for novel treatment strategies. Future research should explore combination therapies, redox-sensitive biomarkers for personalized medicine, and neuroprotective strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. By elucidating the oxidative-glutamatergic axis in schizophrenia, this review underscores the potential of antioxidant interventions to modify disease progression and improve clinical outcomes.
Cite this article:
Manvini. S, Pinki Verma. Molecular Crossroads: Exploring the Role of Oxidative Stress and Glutamate in Schizophrenia - A Pathway to Antioxidant Therapy. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2026; 16(4):355-3. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2026.00052
Cite(Electronic):
Manvini. S, Pinki Verma. Molecular Crossroads: Exploring the Role of Oxidative Stress and Glutamate in Schizophrenia - A Pathway to Antioxidant Therapy. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2026; 16(4):355-3. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2026.00052 Available on: https://ajpsonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2026-16-4-5
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