Author(s):
Samreen Shaikh, Geeta Bhagwat
Email(s):
samreen.shaikh@hkcp.edu.in , geeta.bhagwat@hkcp.edu.in
DOI:
10.52711/2231-5659.2023.00024 
Address:
Samreen Shaikh1, Geeta Bhagwat2
1Student, Department of Pharmaceutics, H. K College of Pharmacy, Mumbai.
2Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, at H.K College of Pharmacy, Mumbai.
*Corresponding Author
Published In:
Volume - 13,
Issue - 2,
Year - 2023
ABSTRACT:
Hyperlipidemia is the major cause of atherosclerosis in which the lipid level in the blood plasma increases which leads to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in the blood stream. Antihyperlipidemic drugs are used to reduce the high level of lipids and lipoproteins in the blood. HMG CoA reductase (Statin drugs) are the most potent group of antihyperlipidemic drugs and it works by inhibiting the Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis. The most commonly used drug for decreasing low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is simvastatin. I is more efficacious as compared to Atorvastatin in increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. Simvastatin (SIM) is lipophilic in nature and is a perfect candidate for a novel colloidal drug delivery system (CDDS). CDDS delivers the drug to its target site to enhance the control release and to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect. This concept of targeting includes the nanoparticulate system such as Liposomes, Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), Polymeric nanoparticles, Niosomes, Nanoemulsion and Metallic nanoparticles.
Cite this article:
Samreen Shaikh, Geeta Bhagwat. Colloidal Drug Delivery of Simvastatin for Prolonged Drug Release and Increased Bioavailability. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023; 13(2):130-8. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2023.00024
Cite(Electronic):
Samreen Shaikh, Geeta Bhagwat. Colloidal Drug Delivery of Simvastatin for Prolonged Drug Release and Increased Bioavailability. Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023; 13(2):130-8. doi: 10.52711/2231-5659.2023.00024 Available on: https://ajpsonline.com/AbstractView.aspx?PID=2023-13-2-10
REFERENCES:
1. Jain, Kishor S.; M. K. Kathiravan; Rahul S. Somania and Chamanlal J. Shishoo; The biology and chemistry of hyperlipidemia; Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry; 2014; 4674–4699https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.031
2. Bart Staels, Jean Dallongeville, Johan Auwerx, Kristina Schoonjans, Eran Leitersdorf, Jean-Charles Fruchart, "Mechanism of Action of Fibrates on Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism Journal of the American Heart Association 2014; 1524-4539
3. K. Einarsson', S. Ericsson', S. Ewerth, E. Reihner, M. Rudling, D. Stahlberg and and B. Angelin, "Bile acid sequestrants: mechanisms of action on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism," Euro Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.
4. T. KD, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology (Old Edition), 2013.
5. Huseyin Naci, Jasper Brugts, Tony Ades, "Comparative Tolerability an Harms of individual Statins," 2015.
6. "Drug Bank," [Online]. Available: https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00973. [Accessed 1st September 2022].
7. Chaloupka K, Malam Y, Seifalian AM. " Nanosilver as a new generation of nanoproduct in biomedical applications," Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 28, 2010.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.07.006
8. Bal T, Murthy PN, Sengupta S, "simvastatin microcapsules using orifice gelation technique," Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics (AJP), 2014.https://doi.org/10.22377/ajp.v6i1.76
9. Zidan AS, Hosny KM, Ahmed OA, Fahmy UA, "Assessment of simvastatin niosomes for pediatric transdermal drug delivery," Drug delivery.https://doi.org/10.3109/10717544.2014.980896
10. Xu L, Dong XW, Ll S, Ff L, Jiang JX, Cao R, Yao HY, Shen HJ, Sun Y, Xie QM, "simvastatin delivery via inhalation attenuates airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma," Int Immunopharmacology.Chitta Ranjan Patra a, "Fabrication of gold nanoparticles for targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer," Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, p. 346–361, 2010.
11. Wu Z, Liu C, Zang G, Sun H., "The effect of simvastatin on remodelling of the alveolar bone following tooth extraction".Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg2008 Feb;37(2):170-6https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2007.06.018
12. Davidsin, Jennifer G Robinson and Michael D, "Combination therapy with Ezetimibe and Simvastatin to achieve aggressive LDL reduction," Expert Rev. Cardiovascular therapy, pp. 461-476.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.928
13. Huseyin Naci, MHS; Jasper Brugts, MD, PhD, MSc; Tony Ades, PhD, "Comparative Tolerability an Harms of individual Statins," 2015.Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes2013 Jul;6(4):390-9.doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000071. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
14. Chaloupka K, Malam Y, Seifalian AM. " Nanosilver as a new generation of nanoproduct in biomedical applications," Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 28, 2010 DOI: HYPERLINK "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.07.006" \t "_blank" 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.07.006
15. Alanazi FK, Radwan AA, Alsarra IA. Biopharmaceutical applications of 1229 "Biopharmaceutical applications of nanogold," Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, pp. 179-193, 2010doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2010.07.002
16. Wenzhen Ana, Biao Hanb, Kang Lia, Shahnaz Akhtara, Ying Zhanga, Xuan Zhanga, Xueli Shaa, Lan Gaoa "The protective study about alleviation of simvastatin on the damages of PEG-BNs in mice," Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, p. 64–73, 2010.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2017.04.021
17. EP Figueiredo, JM Ribeiro, EK Nishio, S Scandorieiro, AF Costa, VF Cardozo, AG Oliveira, N Durán, LA Panagio, RKT Kobayashi , G Nakazato, "New Approach For Simvastatin As An Antibacterial: Synergistic Effect With Bio-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria," International Journal of Nanomedicine,pp.7975-7985, 2019.https://doi.org/10.2147/ijn.s211756
18. Abolfazl Akbarzadeh, Rogaie Rezaei-Sadabady, Soodabeh Davaran Younes Hanifehpour, Mohammad, "Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications," Nanoscale Research Letter, pp. 2-9, 2013.https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1556-276X-8-102
19. Alina Porfire, Dana Maria Muntean, Lucia Rus, Bianca Sylvester, Ioan Tomuţ "A Quality by Design approach for the development of lyophilized liposomes with simvastatin," Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2017.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2017.01.007
20. Rong Qi, Heran Zhang, Lu Xu, Wenwen Shen,, Cong Chen, Chao Wang, Yini Cao, Yunan Wang, Mallory A. van Dongen, Bing He, Mark M. Banaszak Holl, "G5 PAMAM dendrimer versusliposome: A comparison study on the in vitro transepithelial transport and in vivo oral absorption of simvastatin," Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, p. 1141–1151, 2015.
21. Alina Porfire, Dana Muntean, Marcela Achim, Laurian Vlase, Ioan Tomuta, "Simultaneous quantification of simvastatin and excipients in liposomes using near infrared spectroscopy and chemometry," Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, pp. 40-49, 2015.
22. Alina Porfire, Ioan Tomuta, Dana Muntean, Lavinia Luca, Emilia Licarete, Marius Costel Alupei, Marcela Achim, Laurian Vlase, and Manuela Banciu "Optimizing long-circulating liposomes for delivery of simvastatin to C26 colon carcinoma cells," Journal of Liposome Research, pp. 1-9, 2014.https://doi.org/10.3109/08982104.2014.987787
23. Nishikant Yadav, Dr Sunil Khatak, "Solid lipid nanoparticles- A review," International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, pp. 8-18, 2013.
24. Zhiwen Zhang, Huihui Bu, Zhiwei Gao, Yan Huang, Fang Gao, Yaping Li "The characteristics and mechanism of simvastatin loaded lipid nanoparticles to increase oral bioavailability in rats," International Journal of Pharmaceutics, pp. 147-143, 2010.
25. Syed Zaki Husain Rizvia, Fawad Ali Shaha, Namrah Khana, Iftikhar Muhammada, Khan Hashim Alia, Muhammad Mohsin Ansaria, Fakhar ud Dinb, Omer Salman Qureshic, Kyoung-Won Kimd, Yeong-Hwan Choed, Jin-Ki Kimd,, Alam Zeba, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, pp. 136-143, 2019.
26. Hazem Ali, Amit B. Shirode, Paul W. Sylvester, Sami Nazzal "Preparation, characterization, and anticancer effects of simvastatin–tocotrienol lipid nanoparticles," International Journal of Pharmaceutics, p. 223–231, 2010.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.018
27. Hagar B. Abo-zalam, Ezzeldein S. El-Denshary, Rania M. Abdelsalam ,Islam A. Khalil, Mahmoud M. Khattab, Mohamed A. Hamzawy, "Therapeutic advancement of simvastatin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SV-SLNs) in treatment of hyperlipidemia and attenuating hepatotoxicity, myopathy and apoptosis: Comprehensive study," Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy, 2021.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111494
28. Hemant K.S. Yadav, Aiah A. Almokdad, Sumia I.M. shaluf, Manar S. Debe, "Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for Drug-Delivery Carriers," Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, pp. 531-556, 2019.
29. Usama Farghaly Aly, Heba A Abou-Taleb, Ahmed AH Abdellatif, Nahla Sameh Tolba, "Formulation and evaluation of simvastatin polymeric nanoparticles loaded in hydrogel for optimum wound healing purpose," Drug Design, Development and Therapy,p. 1567–1580, 2019.https://doi.org/10.2147%2FDDDT.S198413
30. Alaa S Tulbah, Elvira, Pisano, Santo Scalia, Paul M, Young, Daniela Traini, Hui Xin Ong "Inhaled simvastatin nanoparticles for inflammatory lung disease," Nanomedicine, 2017.
31. E. Priyanka, P. Tripura Sundari, "Formulation and Evaluation of Simvastatin Loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles," International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, pp. 744-753, 2018.
32. Maryam Naseroleslami, Neda Mousavi Niri, Iman Akbarzade, Masoomeh Sharif, Nahid Aboutaleb, "Simvastatin loaded nano niosomes confer cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury," Drug Delivery and Translational Research, 2021.DOI:10.1007/s13346-021-01019-z
33. Iman Akbarzadeha, Maliheh Keramatia, Amir Azadic, Elham Afzalid, Rasoul Shahbazid, Mohsen chiania, Dariush Norouziana, Haleh Bakhshandeha, "Optimization, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity of a Novel Simvastatin Nano-niosomal Gel against E. coli and S. aureus," Science Direct , 2020.
34. Heba F. Salem, Rasha M. Kharshoum, Heba A. Abou-Taleb, Hanan Osman Farouk and Randa Mohammed Zaki, "Fabrication and Appraisal of Simvastatin via Tailored Niosomal Nanovesicles for Transdermal Delivery Enhancement: In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment," Pharmaceutics MDPI, 2021.https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13020138
35. Karl H ¨ormann, Andreas Zimmer, "Drug delivery and drug targeting with parenteral lipid nanoemulsions — A review," Journal of Controlled Release, 2015.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.016
36. Yuvraj Singh, Jaya Gopal Meher, Kavit Raval, Farooq Ali Khan, Mohini Chaurasia, Nitin K. Jain, Manish K. Chourasia, "Nanoemulsion: Concepts, development and applications in drug delivery," Journal of Controlled Release, 2017.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.008
37. Sandip S. Chavhan, Kailash C. Petkar, and Krutika K. Sawant, "Simvastatin nanoemulsion for improved oral delivery: design, characterisation, in vitro and in vivo studies," Journal of Microencapsulation, p. 771–779, 2013.https://doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2013.788085
38. Michele Pereira Moreira, Renata Gancine Budel , Julien Wergutz, Marina Lopes, Machado, Bruna Costabeber Guerino, Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares , Luciana Maria, Fontanari Krause , Aline Ferreira Ourique and Carina Rodrigues Boeck "Simvastatin-loaded nanoemulsions: development, characterization, stability study and toxicity assays," Therapeutic Delivery, p. 497–505, 2020.
39. M. P. Qiuping Gu, Ryne Paulose-Ram, Vicki L. Burt, and Brian K. Kit, "Prescription Cholesterol-lowering Medication Use in Adults," NCHS Data Brief, p. No. 177, December 2014.
40. "Headline," [Online]. Available: https://www.healthline.com/health/high-cholesterol/statins-which-is-safest. [Accessed 1st September 2022].
41. N. Yadav, Sunil Khatak and Udai Vir Singh Sara, "Solid Lipid Nanoparticles- A Review," International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, pp. 8-18, 2013.
42. Ch. Prabhakar, K Bala Krishna" A Review on Polymeric Nanoparticles," Research Journal of Pharmaceutics and Technology, pp. 496-498, 2011.
43. Deepak Jaitak, Nacchammai K., Pavithra K., Keerthi G. S. Nair, Sathesh Kumar S. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Anti-Cancer Treatment- A Review of its Mechanisms. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2021; 14(3):1747-1754. doi: 10.5958/0974-360X.2021.00311.5
44. Kshitij B. Makeshwar, Suraj R. Wasankar "Niosome: a Novel Drug Delivery System," Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. Vol. 3, no. : Issue 1, pp. 16-20, 2013.
45. Kaur Prabhjot, Kaur Loveleenpreet. Niosomes used as Targeting Drug Delivery System: A Overview. Asian J. Research Chem. 7(7): July 2014; Page 687-692.
46. Rajesh Z. Mujariya, Avijit Muzumdar, "Niosomes – An Overview," Research J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech., pp. 202-206, Volume-4, Issue-4, Year-2012
47. R.B. Saudagar, Kanchan T. Mandlik " A Review on Gold Nanoparticles" Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2016; Vol. 6: Issue 1 pp: 45-48https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-5691.2016.00008.3
48. Sonali P. Mahaparale, Reshma S. Kore, Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Application, Future Outlook, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, September, 2019 Vol. 09 |Issue 03| pp:181-189https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-5691.2019.00029.7
49. Ketan B. Patil, Narendra B. Patil, Sushmita V. Patil, Vaishnavi K. Patil, Pratik C. Shirsath Metal based Nanomaterial’s (Silver and Gold): Synthesis and Biomedical application Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2020, Vol. 10 |Issue-02|, pp 97-106https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-5713.2020.00018.5
50. Anilkumar J Shinde, and Harinath N More, Nanoparticles: As Carriers for Drug Delivery System, Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology, 2009, pp:80-86
51. N Syed Abdul Kader, Nazneen Ansari, Ravi Bharti, Naresh Mandavi, Gyanesh Kumar Sahu, Arvind Kumar Jha, Harish Sharma. Novel Approaches for Colloidal Drug Delivery System: Nanoemulsion. Res. J. Pharm. Dosage Form. and Tech. 2018; 10(4): 253-258. doi: 10.5958/0975-4377.2018.00037.X