Pharma-Economical World of Herbal Antitussive-
An Overview
Deepak Prashar1*,
Sanjay Saklani2, Yogesh Barshiliya1,
Mohit Sharma1, Sushant
Mankotia1, Ashish Soni3
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vinayaka College of Pharmacy, Kullu
(H.P.), India
2Department of Economics, Govt. College Dharampur, Mandi (H.P.), India
3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daksh College of Pharmacy, Chhatarpur
(M.P.), India
*Corresponding Author
E-mail: prashardeepak99@yahoo.in
ABSTRACT:
In the present review paper,
35 herbal plants used as Antitussive are being
reviewed. Along with this the worldwide distribution of the manufacturers,
suppliers and traders of herbal Antitussive are being
brought to light. These herbal plants are being distributed all over the world
based upon their habitat. The results obtained through this review are shocking
as China is heading with 88% of the total world market.
KEYWORDS: Antitussive, herbal plants,
worldwide trade, China
INTRODUCTION: [1-5]
Antitussive
are among the widely used products in the field of pharmaceuticals. Cough is
one such symptom which is associated with number of diseases. Since long the Antitussive products are being used along with its side
effects like sedation, nausea, dizziness etc. The drugs under these categories
are basically the opium and morphine derivative which also results in drug
abuse. The use of the alcoholic Antitussive
preparations also enhanced the sedative effect which un-intentionally leads to
accidents. Herbal plants in raw form or in preparations forms have over taken
the non-herbal products due to the least or no side effects.
Herbal Based Antitussive World:
Large numbers of evidences
are available in the literature [6-34] which outshines the role and value of
herbal plants and preparations as an Antitussive.
Table 1 enlisted the herbal plants as active Antitussive
agents. Herbal plants provide the benefit of being used in different forms and
their different parts can be taken into consideration.
Herbal Based Antitussive World:
Large numbers of evidences
are available in the literature [6-34] which outshines the role and value of
herbal plants and preparations as an Antitussive.
Table 1 enlisted the herbal plants as active Antitussive
agents. Herbal plants provide the benefit of being used in different forms and their
different parts can be taken into consideration.
World Scenario of Herbal Antitussive: [35-38]
As the world is heading
towards the new and improved products the rationalization is required. In the
present condition the consumer are more educated and professional in marketing,
buying and selecting the desired product. China has overshadowed all the other
countries as far as the herbal market and herbal products are considered. Fig.
1 enumerates the dominance of China over other countries in herbal Antitussive products.
China contains nearly 114
Manufacturers/Suppliers/Traders of Antitussive herbal
market in comparison to 13 in India, 2 in Iran and 1 in United Arab Emirates.
The
diseases like asthma, tuberculosis, cold, viral infection of respiratory tract
etc enhances the appearance of cough. Cough is a desired physiological response
that serves to clear the respiratory passages of foreign material and excess
secretions. Coughing occurs thought a reflex mechanism due to stimulation of mechano-or chemoreceptor in throat, respiratory passage or
stretch receptor in the lungs
Table 1 List of
Herbal Plants as Active Antitussive Agents
|
|
Botanical Name |
Family |
Common Name |
Chemical Constituent |
Part used |
|
1 |
Abies webbiana |
Pinaceae |
Indian Silver Fir |
Flavonoids, biflavonoid glycosides
and phytosterols |
Leaves |
|
2 |
Abrus precatorius |
Leguminosae |
Indian liquorice |
(L+) abrin, glucosides (abralin, haemagglutinin), NMethyltryptophan
and Urease |
Roots, Leaves, Stem |
|
3 |
Acorus calamus |
Araceae |
Sweet flag |
Sesquiterpenes, phenylpropanes, cis-isoasarone, acorone, ketones |
Rhizomes |
|
4 |
Althae officinalis |
Malvaceae |
Marshmallow |
Starch, mucilage, pectin, flavonoids,
phenolic acids, tannins, quercetin, kaempferol |
Roots, Leaves |
|
5 |
Amomum aromaticm |
Zingiberacea |
Bengal cardamom |
Essential oil from seeds 1-1.5% containing cineole |
Fruit |
|
6 |
Asparagus racemosus |
Liliacea |
Shatavari |
Asparagamine A, quercetin, rutin hyperoside, Mucilages |
Roots, Leaves |
|
7 |
Bacopa monnieri |
Scrophulariaceae |
Brahmi |
Alkaloid, brahmine |
Roots, Leaves, Stem, Flower, Fruit |
|
8 |
Bischofia javanica |
Euphorbiaceae |
Vinegar wood |
Tannin, Vitamin
C |
Leaves, Shoot |
|
9 |
Blumea Balsamifera |
Asteraceae |
Kukur Sunga |
Borneol, caryophyllene, ledol phytol, caryophyllene oxide, guaiol |
Leaves |
|
10 |
Curcumin longa |
Zingiberaceae |
Turmeric |
Curcumin, Essential oil, ketone,
alcohol, Zingiberine |
Rhizomes |
|
11 |
Caesalpina bonducella |
Leguminosae |
Kuberakshi |
Aminoacids, aspartic acid, arginine, phenolic |
Seeds, Roots, Leaves |
|
12 |
Cassia Tora |
Caesalpinaceae |
Cakunda |
Emodin, glucose, chrysophanol , rhein, oleic, linolic, palmitic |
Seeds, Leaves |
|
13 |
Celosia Cristata |
Amaranthaceae |
Cock’s comb |
Betanin, Amarantinin, Isoamarantinin, Celosianin, Protein |
Fruit, seeds |
|
14 |
Chelidonium major |
Papaveraceae |
Tetter wort |
Chelidonine, homochelidonine, berberine, protopine |
Roots |
|
15 |
Citrus japonica |
Rutaceae |
Marumi Kumquat |
Essential oil, sugar and organic acids |
Leaves, Fruit |
|
16 |
Coleus amboinicus |
Labiatae |
Indian borage |
carvacrol |
Leaves |
|
17 |
Cressa cretica |
Convolulaceae |
Rudanti |
Alkaloid, β sitosterol,
scopoletin, quercetin glycosides, umbelliferone |
Whole Plant |
|
18 |
Curcuma Zedoaria |
Zingiberaceae |
Cochin turmeric |
α –pinene, D-camphene,
cineol, D-camphor, Dborneol, zingiberene |
Leaves, Rhizomes |
|
19 |
Eclipta alba |
Asteraceaea |
Bhangra |
Flavonoids(Apigenin, luteolin ) Isoflavenoids (Wedelolactone), Ecliptal, Terthienyl aldehyde |
Roots, Seeds |
|
20 |
Euphorbia antiquorum |
Euphorbiaceae |
Indian spurge |
Euphorbin 35%, Latex two kinds-one is soluble in ether other
is insoluble |
Whole Plant |
|
21 |
Euphorbia hirata |
Euphorbiaceae |
Snakeweed |
Gallic acid, querceitin,
Phenyl glycoside and Sucrose |
Leaves, Stem, Fruit |
|
22 |
Euphrasia officinalis |
Scrophulariaceae |
Eyebright |
Aucubin, Catalpol, Luproside, Verproside, Eukovoside, Tannins |
Leaves |
|
23 |
Foeniculum vulgare |
Umbelliferae |
Fennel |
Aromatic oil, fixed oil, Anethol
and Fenchone |
Roots, Seeds, Fruit |
|
24 |
Ginkgo biloba |
Ginkgoceae |
Balkuwari |
Flavonoids, flavones, flavonols,
tannins, biflavones, terpenoids |
Leaves |
|
25 |
Glycyrrhiza glabra |
Papilionaceae |
Liquorice |
Glycyrrhizin, Glycosides such as glycyrrhizol, glabrins A and B |
Roots |
|
26 |
Kaempferia galanga |
Zingiberaceae |
Black thorn |
Cinnamate ,pentadecane, 1,8-cineole,
Terpenoid |
Leaves, Rhizomes |
|
27 |
Lobelia inflate |
Lobeliaceae |
Indian Tobacco |
Lobeline, Lobelachrin, Lobelia acid |
Seeds |
|
28 |
Ocimum sanctum |
Lamiaceae |
Tulsi |
Eugenol, carvacrol, methyl eugenol, α-cymene, camphene, α - cymene, ρ-cymene |
Roots, Seeds, Leaves |
|
29 |
Papaver rhoes |
Papaveraceae |
Red poppy |
Cyanidine derivatives., alkaloid rhoeadine,morphine,
thebine and narcotine |
Fruit |
|
30 |
Pistacia chinenis |
Anacardiaceae |
Kakar singhi |
volatile oil, terpentine
oil, Hydrocarbon |
Galls |
|
31 |
Plantago lancolata |
Plantaginaceae |
Snake Weed |
Polysaccharides, tannins, iridoid glycosides |
Roots, Seeds, Leaves |
|
32 |
Platycodon grandiflorum |
Campanulaceae |
Chinese bellflower |
Triterpenoid saponin, Platycodigenic acid, Platycodigenin |
Roots |
|
33 |
Polygala amara |
Polygalaceae |
Bitter milkworth |
phenol glycosides, polygalite |
Rhizomes |
|
34 |
Withania Somnifera |
Solanaceae |
Ashwagandha |
Withanine alkaloid, Somniferine, Tropine, Hygrine, Anaferine |
Roots, Leaves |
|
35 |
Zingiber officinale |
Zingiberaceae |
Ginger |
Zingiberene, camphene, ß-pinene, myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole , ß-phellandrene |
Rhizomes |
Figure 1: Worldwide Distribution of Herbal Antitussive market
Table 2: List of Manufacturers/Suppliers/Traders
In Herbal Antitussive
|
S. No. |
Manufacturers/Suppliers/Traders |
Associated Country |
|
1 |
China |
|
|
2 |
China |
|
|
3 |
China |
|
|
4 |
China |
|
|
5 |
China |
|
|
6 |
China |
|
|
7 |
China |
|
|
8 |
China |
|
|
9 |
China |
|
|
10 |
China |
|
|
11 |
China |
|
|
12 |
China |
|
|
13 |
China |
|
|
14 |
China |
|
|
15 |
China |
|
|
16 |
China |
|
|
17 |
China |
|
|
18 |
China |
|
|
19 |
China |
|
|
20 |
India |
|
|
21 |
India |
|
|
22 |
India |
|
|
23 |
United Arab Emirates |
|
|
24 |
Iran |
CONCLUSION:
As every review is accompanished with the shocking results this review too.
The domination of China in the herbal market is a full prove fact. This review
adds one more feather to the cap. China overheads the other countries of the
world as far as the antitussive herbal world are
considered. India too has got a scope to diverge its herbal antitussive
market but still it’s very difficult to challenge China. Bio-Diversification in
India is the only positive point obtained from this review.
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Received on 21.04.2012 Accepted
on 22.05.2012
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Asian J. Res. Pharm. Sci.
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